Abstract
BACKGROUND: Optometrists play a pivotal role in preventing and managing vision impairment through the provision of comprehensive eye care services. In India, vision impairment remains a major public health challenge, largely driven by uncorrected refractive errors, cataract, and other avoidable causes. Despite recent regulatory advances, limited evidence exists on the scope and distribution of specialty optometry practices across Indian states. This study assessed the extent and composition of specialty optometry practices among optometrists across selected Indian states. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among practicing optometrists in six Indian states using a pre-validated, self-administered questionnaire distributed via Google Forms. Informed consent was obtained electronically. Data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel and SPSS version 20. Descriptive statistics were computed to summarize practice patterns. RESULTS: A total of 325 responses were received, of which 321 were complete and included in the analysis. All participants reported providing refraction services, with a high monthly workload. Specialty practices were less common, with contact lens practice reported by 69.5%, binocular vision services by 62.0%, and low-vision care by 61.0% of respondents. The average number of specialty cases managed per month ranged from 5 to 15. Marked inter-state variations in specialty practice were observed, reflecting disparities in workforce distribution and service availability. CONCLUSION: The findings highlight a substantial reliance on refraction-based services and an insufficient level of specialty optometry practice relative to population needs. Strengthening specialty training and expanding the optometry workforce beyond routine eye examination are essential to reduce avoidable blindness in India.