Abstract
PURPOSE: Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) amplification promotes gliomagenesis and is linked to lack of oxygen within the tumor microenvironment. Using hypoxia-sensitive spin-and-gradient echo echo-planar imaging and perfusion MRI, we investigated the influence of EGFR amplification on tissue oxygen availability and utilization in human gliomas. METHODS: This study included 72 histologically confirmed EGFR-amplified and non-amplified glioma patients. Reversible transverse relaxation rate (R(2)'), relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV), and relative oxygen extraction fraction (rOEF) were calculated for the contrast-enhancing and non-enhancing tumor regions. Using Student t test or Wilcoxon rank-sum test, median R(2)', rCBV, and rOEF were compared between EGFR-amplified and non-amplified gliomas. ROC analysis was performed to assess the ability of imaging characteristics to discriminate EGFR amplification status. Overall survival (OS) was determined using univariate and multivariate cox models. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were plotted and compared using the log-rank test. RESULTS: EGFR amplified gliomas exhibited significantly higher median R(2)' and rOEF than non-amplified gliomas. ROC analysis suggested that R(2)' (AUC = 0.7190; P = 0.0048) and rOEF (AUC = 0.6959; P = 0.0156) could separate EGFR status. Patients with EGFR-amplified gliomas had a significantly shorter OS than non-amplified patients. Univariate cox regression analysis determined both R(2)' and rOEF significantly influence OS. No significant difference was observed in rCBV between patient cohorts nor was rCBV found to be an effective differentiator of EGFR status. CONCLUSION: Imaging of tumor oxygen characteristics revealed EGFR-amplified gliomas to be more hypoxic and contribute to shorter patient survival than EGFR non-amplified gliomas.