Abstract
Landslides pose significant threats to human life and infrastructure globally. In China, the intensification of urbanization and human activities has exacerbated loess landslide risks, making monitoring and mitigation efforts increasingly critical. Rainfall, surface displacement, pore pressure, and seismic waves as key parameters for landslide monitoring. Therefore, a real time multi-sensor observation system was deployed in July 2019 at the Gaolan Mountain (36°01'10.4″N, 103°50'52.4″E) experimental site in Lanzhou, China, a region prone to frequent landslides. This dataset provides high-frequency measurements of hydrological and geophysical parameters, offering a comprehensive view of landslide dynamics. Preliminary results demonstrate the accuracy and reliability of the system, highlighting its potential to enhance landslide early warning capabilities. The dataset is publicly available under DOI: [10.5281/zenodo.15180387], supporting further research on slope water infiltration and hazard risk management in loess regions.