Abstract
Solar energy expansion often comes at the cost of forest destruction, creating fundamental conflicts between renewable energy goals and ecosystem preservation. Here, we demonstrate that solar trees could enhance power generation capacity while preserving coastal forest landscapes. Our quantitative comparison reveals that linear arrangements of these structures achieve superior power capacity compared to conventional fixed panels while preserving existing forest cover. Through 3D geospatial simulations and standard test conditions, we show that linear arrangements of solar tree structures preserve 99% of forest cover, whereas conventional fixed panel installations require eliminating 98% of forest cover while achieving equivalent power generation capacity. Although our study centers in South Korea, the methodology has broad applicability for other nations looking to expand renewable energy while preserving forest ecosystems. The first thorough quantitative model to compare the installation of solar trees to conventional ground-mounted panels in coastal forest areas is presented in this study. By providing a strategic route for densely populated nations to meet ambitious energy targets without jeopardizing forest carbon reservoirs, the study directly supports the objectives outlined in the COP28 Global Renewables Pledge and the Glasgow Leaders' Declaration on Forests. Solar trees are a promising dual-solution to align energy and environmental priorities as global commitments call for the tripling of renewable capacity by 2030 while maintaining forest preservation pledges.