Abstract
Reservoir dam structure is critical to protect public life and property and has always been attention worldwide. However, a systematic approach to assessing the safety risks of reservoir dam structure (RDS) is still required. This study presents a holistic framework for evaluating the safety risk of RDS and develops an evaluation index system. A risk assessment model is constructed based on the cloud and Dempster-Shafer (D-S) evidence theories. The model's validity is confirmed through an empirical analysis of the XY reservoir project. This study offers theoretical insights and practical solutions for managers to facilitate decision-making and supports the advancement of industry standards.