Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Frailty at listing for lung transplant has been associated with waitlist and post-transplant mortality. Frailty trajectories following transplant, however, have been less well characterized, including whether recipient frailty improves. The objective of this study was to identify prevalence and risk factors for frailty at discharge and to evaluate changes in frail recipients enrolled in an outpatient physical therapy program. METHODS: This was a single-center prospective cohort study of lung transplant recipients. Enrollees completed a short physical performance battery (SPPB) to assess frailty at listing and at initial hospital discharge. RESULTS: Of the 111 enrolled recipients, none were frail at listing and 18 (16.2%) were prefrail. At discharge, however, 60 (54.1%) patients were frail. Discharge frailty was associated with prefrailty at listing, acute kidney injury post-transplant, and longer intensive care unit stay. Among the 35 patients who were frail at discharge and who were enrolled in an outpatient PT program, the median improvement in SPPB was 6 points (IQR = 5-7 points), and 85.7% became not frail over a median of 6 weeks. CONCLUSION: Discharge frailty is common following lung transplantation. In most frail patients, an intensive outpatient physical therapy program is associated with improvement in frailty, as assessed by the SPPB.