Abstract
PURPOSE: To establish accurate diagnostic criteria and predictors of treatment response for postoperative acute exacerbation (AE) in patients with lung cancer and idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (IIP). METHODS: Among 93 patients with IIP who underwent surgery for lung cancer, suspected postoperative AE developed in 20 (21.5%). Patients were divided into a progressive AE group, comprising patients with bilateral alveolar opacities and decreasing PaO(2) ≥ 10 mmHg (n = 5); an incipient AE group, comprising patients with unilateral alveolar opacities and decreasing PaO(2) ≥ 10 mmHg (n = 10); and an indeterminate AE group, comprising patients with alveolar opacities but decreasing PaO(2) < 10 mmHg (n = 5). RESULTS: The progressive AE group had significantly higher 90-day mortality (80%) than the incipient AE group (10%, P = 0.017) or the indeterminate AE group (0%, P = 0.048). Bilateral opacities may indicate advanced AE and poor prognosis, whereas unilateral opacities may indicate an early stage of AE and a good prognosis. PaO(2) < 10 mmHg may indicate conditions other than AE. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with lung cancer and IIP, decreasing PaO(2) and HRCT findings may allow for the initiation of rapid and accurate treatment strategies for postoperative AE.