Abstract
Medical errors can be reduced or avoided by training in both factual knowledge and in optimal information processing. The latter is of special importance when task settings are complex, when information about a patient's condition is ambiguous and uncertain, and when rapid changes can occur. Simulations can contribute to effective training in these areas of functioning without putting patients at risk. The strategic management simulation (SMS) has been used worldwide with many high level professionals. Its application to assessing and training medical decision makers is discussed.