Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is a bone marrow clonal stem cell disorder characterized by the inability of immature blood cells to mature. Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has not been previously reported in MDS patients without underlying diseases. We present a case of poorly differentiated OSCC in a 27-year-old patient with MDS. A literature review revealed 11 case reports about solid tumors in different organs of MDS patients. Among these, 5 articles reported head and neck carcinoma but none of them reported oral cancer in MDS patients. MDS predisposes patients to hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic malignancies. The oral cavity is one of the critical sites that needs to be examined periodically and regularly in MDS patients to detect OSCC in its early stages.