Abstract
Buckminsterfullerene (C(60)) represents a perfect combination of geometry and molecular structural chemistry. It has inspired many creative ideas for building fullerene-like nanopolyhedra. These include other fullerenes, virus capsids, polyhedra based on DNA, and synthetic polynuclear metal clusters and cages. Indeed, the regular organization of large numbers of metal atoms into one highly complex structure remains one of the foremost challenges in supramolecular chemistry. Here we describe the design, synthesis, and characterization of a Ag(180) nanocage with 180 Ag atoms as 4-valent vertices (V), 360 edges (E), and 182 faces (F)--sixty 3-gons, ninety 4-gons, twelve 5-gons, and twenty 6-gons--in agreement with Euler's rule V - E + F = 2. If each 3-gon (or silver Trigon) were replaced with a carbon atom linked by edges along the 4-gons, the result would be like C(60), topologically a truncated icosahedron, an Archimedean solid with icosahedral (I(h)) point-group symmetry. If C(60) can be described mathematically as a curling up of a 6.6.6 Platonic tiling, the Ag(180) cage can be described as a curling up of a 3.4.6.4 Archimedean tiling. High-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry reveals that {Ag(3)}(n) subunits coexist with the Ag(180) species in the assembly system before the final crystallization of Ag(180), suggesting that the silver Trigon is the smallest building block in assembly of the final cage. Thus, we assign the underlying growth mechanism of Ag(180) to the Silver-Trigon Assembly Road (STAR), an assembly path that might be further employed to fabricate larger, elegant silver cages.