Abstract
Amongst the correctional worker population, a wide range of demographic characteristics shape mental health outcomes, organizational stigma, and treatment-seeking, including gender and/or sex differences. Yet, considerations of the relationship between gender and especially sex and mental health in correctional systems internationally remain understudied and have not been investigated on a national scale. In the current national study, we quantitatively analyze Canadian provincial and territorial correctional workers' (n = 3,740) sex correlates with other sociodemographic variables, and examine the prevalence of potentially psychologically traumatic events (PPTEs), correctional-specific PPTEs, occupational stressors, suicide-related behaviour (ideation, plan, and attempt), and several mental health disorders. Survey findings indicate statistically significant sex differences in exposure to all types of PPTEs, with the exception of captivity and life-threatening illness or injury. Males reported higher odds of being exposed to all types of PPTEs than females, with the exception of sexual assault and other unwanted or uncomfortable sexual experiences, which females had higher odds of experiencing. Statistically significant sex differences were also evident in exposure to all types of correctional-specific PPTEs, except for instances where a person died while under their supervision. Other significant relationships found are discussed and reiterate the necessity of incorporating concerns for gender and/or sex equality and balance in correctional settings into mental health training regimen, as well as highlight several areas for future research.