Significance
Endogenous neural precursor cells of the central nervous system are able to migrate and differentiate toward mature cells to repair an injury. There is increasing evidence that autologous transplantation of these cells in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, the animal model of multiple sclerosis, may have a beneficial effect on the disease process. Several mechanisms have been proposed-among them, the potentiation of endogenous precursor cell differentiation of the central nervous system and the modulation of demyelinating and neurodegenerative immune-mediated processes. This article provides evidence of interference in immune signaling within the central nervous system as a potential mechanism underlying the immunomodulatory properties of transplanted neural precursor cells.