Abstract
Individual variations in the active form of vitamin D (Vit.D) arise from a combination of dietary intake, sun exposure, and genetic factors, making it complex and challenging to maintain optimal levels. Among Vit.D-related genes, variations in CYP2R1 and CYP27B1 influence Vit.D synthesis, CYP24A1 regulates its inactivation, and the Vit.D receptor (VDR) mediates Vit.D signaling. These genetic variations contribute to substantial differences in Vit.D concentrations and associated clinical effects. However, there has been a lack of comprehensive, simultaneous exploration of these key genes and their clinical implications. This review provides a systematic analysis of genetic variants in Vit.D-related P450 genes identified in human clinical studies, along with in silico predictions of their functional consequences. Since multiple genes seem to influence the body's response to Vit.D, studying just one genetic variant may not fully explain Vit.D deficiency. A comprehensive evaluation of all Vit.D-related genes could offer valuable insights for advancing personalized medicine in Vit.D management. This study provides a foundation for developing a more personalized approach to Vit.D supplementation and regulation, guided by genetic information.