Abstract
Mesoionic rings are among the most versatile 1,3-dipoles, as witnessed recently by their incorporation into bio-orthogonal strategies, and capable of affording unconventional heterocycles beyond the expected scope of Huisgen cycloadditions. Herein, we revisit in detail the reactivity of thiazol-3-ium-4-olates with alkynes, leading to thiophene and/or pyrid-2-one derivatives. A structural variation at the parent mesoionic dipole alters sufficiently the steric outcome, thereby favoring the regioselective formation of a single transient cycloadduct, which undergoes chemoselective fragmentation to either five- or six-membered heterocycles. The synthetic protocol benefits largely from microwave (MW) activation, which enhances reaction rates. The mechanism has been interrogated with the aid of density functional theory (DFT) calculations, which sheds light into the origin of the regioselectivity and points to a predictive formulation of reactivity involving competing pathways of mesoionic cycloadditions.