Abstract
Interventional radiology-operated endoscopy has a small but growing number of applications. In this clinical case report, we describe the use of an endoscope to assist the traversal of a high-grade ureteral stricture from percutaneous nephrostomy (i.e., antegrade) access. Direct visualization of the stricture allowed the identification of a central channel that was not present in fluoroscopic images, making endoscopy essential to the technical success of the procedure. Endoscopy is a powerful adjunct to image-guided techniques, particularly in challenging interventions or cases with complex anatomy.