Abstract
BACKGROUND: The abilities of individual neuroimaging methods to resolve spatial and temporal contributions of brain regions during cognitive processes are limited. Co-processing of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and magnetoencephalography (MEG) may overcome some of the limitations by utilizing Multiple Sparse Priors (MSP) in a Bayesian framework that takes advantage of the temporal resolution of MEG and spatial resolution of fMRI. METHODS: 24 healthy participants were recruited to perform a paired-associate verbal learning task during fMRI and MEG scans. FMRI data were processed within Group ICA fMRI Toolbox. Independent components (ICs) were temporally sorted by task time series (|r|>0.30 threshold identified task-related ICs). Task-positive ("generate") ICs were retained as spatial priors for MEG analyses. MEG data were processed by an event-related potential (ERP) approach and with a theta power approach. MEG source reconstructions were constrained within the task-positive ICs for both ERP and theta-power approaches. RESULTS: For fMRI, five networks were identified as task-related. Four ICs underlying active generation spanned bilateral parietal, orbitofrontal, medial frontal and superior temporal regions, and occipital lobe. FMRI-constrained MEG source reconstructions using the ERP approach yielded early visual cortex activity followed by left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and orbito-frontal cortex (OFC) recruitment to coalesce in the left inferior temporal lobe. For the theta approach, MEG source reconstructions showed a progression of activity from bilateral temporal areas to left OFC and middle temporal gyrus, followed by right IFG. DISCUSSION: MSP analyses informed by fMRI produced more focused regional activity than reconstructions without priors suggesting this approach may result in identifying more relevant semantic information during active generation. Constraining MEG source reconstruction to fMRI priors during active generation indicates fronto-temporal and fronto-parietal networks are interconnected across time and space.