Abstract
This review summarizes content presented at the Pediatric State of the Art Symposium held during the American Epilepsy Society's annual meeting in December 2024. The symposium focused on Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS), a severe developmental and epileptic encephalopathy that emerges in childhood. Despite its diverse etiologies, LGS is defined by a convergent constellation of electroclinical features: multiple seizure types including tonic seizures, slow spike-wave and generalized paroxysmal fast activity on EEG, and intellectual disability. LGS is almost always refractory to available therapies and accounts for substantial costs-in healthcare spending and in quality of life for affected individuals, their families, and caregivers. The symposium highlighted recent breakthroughs in research, clinical care, and outcome measurement that have positioned the clinical, scientific, and patient advocacy communities to usher in a new, more hopeful era of treatment and prevention.