Abstract
BACKGROUND: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of three-dimensional (3D) interactive quantitative surgical planning on the outcome of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) anatomical partial lobectomy (APL), and to investigate the learning curve of 3D reconstruction-assisted VATS APL assisted. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 156 cases of solitary pulmonary ground-glass opacity (GGO) lesions in patients who underwent 3D interactive quantitative VATS APL. Digital imaging and communications in medicine data were recorded for each patient. We used Materialise 3-Matic software to make 3D reconstructed images. All surgeries were performed by the same thoracic surgeon at the Cardiothoracic Surgery Department of Yichang Central People's Hospital between February 28, 2018, and April 20, 2020. The learning curve was evaluated using operative time and the cumulative sum (CUSUM) value of operative time in all cases. RESULTS: VATS APL was performed in every patient successfully, and there were no conversions to thoracotomy or lobectomy. The median surgical margin distance was 2.2 (range, 2.0-2.8) cm. All patients had an R0 complete cancer resection on histology. The histological subtypes of the segmental lesions included 69 cases of minimally invasive adenocarcinoma (MIA), 61 cases of adenocarcinoma, one case of squamous cell carcinoma, 16 cases of adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS), and nine cases of atypical adenomatous hyperplasia (AAH). The median operation time was 119 (range, 57-245) min, and median intraoperative blood loss was 37 (range, 15-247) mL. The median duration of thoracic drainage tube insertion was 2.3 (range, 1-23) days after surgery. The median length of postoperative hospital stay was 3.7 (range, 3-25) days. There were no cases of perioperative death. During the median postoperative follow-up period of 11 (range, 2-26) months, no tumor recurrence or postoperative death was observed. 3D interactive quantitative surgical planning facilitates safe and efficient VATS APL with a learning curve of 30 cases. CONCLUSIONS: 3D interactive quantitative surgical planning for VATS APL is a feasible option for inexperienced surgeons, with acceptable safety and complications.