Abstract
Veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV ECMO) is used for support in patients with severe respiratory failure. The method allows extracorporeal gas exchange and may replace the patient's lung function for weeks and even years. ECMO is not a contraindication for lung transplant. The most important factor for a good outcome is the physiological status of the patient when accepted for transplantation. Ambulatory ECMO makes it possible for the patient to exercise and walk, and provides the best outcome for high risk patients in severe respiratory failure. Ambulatory ECMO is safe in the hands of skilled personnel and prevents critical illness neuropathy and myopathy during prolonged treatments in the intensive care unit.