Background
ANG (angiogenin) is essential for cellular adaptation to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, a process closely associated with cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis. We aimed to investigate the role of ANG in the progression of atherosclerosis and elucidate its underlying molecular mechanisms.
Conclusions
These results suggest that endothelial intracellular ANG is a novel therapeutic against atherosclerosis and exerts atheroprotective effects via ST3GAL5-mediated ER stress suppression.
Methods
We constructed adenoassociated virus 9 ANG overexpression vectors and endothelial ANG- and ApoE (apolipoprotein E)-deficient mice to determine the effects of ANG on ER stress and atherosclerotic lesions. RNA sequencing of endothelial ANG- and ApoE-deficient mice identified ANG-dependent downregulation of ST3GAL5 (ST3 beta-galactoside alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase 5) expression, and the direct regulation of ST3GAL5 by ANG was verified by chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing and luciferase reporter assay
Results
Reanalysis of expression profiling datasets indicated decreased ANG levels in patients' atherosclerotic lesions, and these data were validated in aortas from ApoE-/- mice. ER stress marker and adhesion molecule levels, aortic root lesions and macrophage deposition were substantially reduced in ApoE-/- mice injected with an adenoassociated virus 9 ANG without signal peptide (ANG-ΔSP) overexpression vector compared with empty and full-length ANG overexpression vectors. Endothelial ANG deficiency significantly elevated ER stress and increased adhesion molecule expression, which aggravated atherosclerotic lesions and enhanced THP-1 monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells in vivo and in vitro, respectively. Furthermore, ANG-ΔSP overexpression significantly attenuated oxidized low-density lipoprotein-induced ER stress and THP-1 monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells, which were reversed by ST3GAL5 inhibition. Conclusions: These results suggest that endothelial intracellular ANG is a novel therapeutic against atherosclerosis and exerts atheroprotective effects via ST3GAL5-mediated ER stress suppression.