Abstract
BACKGROUND: Brown tumors are non-neoplastic giant cell lesions resulting from imbalanced bone metabolism associated with hyperparathyroidism. Although these tumors are infrequently found in the jaw bones, their presence can mimic other bony lesions, making differential diagnosis essential for effective treatment planning. CASE PRESENTATION: Here, we present a rare case of simultaneous involvement of both jaws by brown tumors in a 37-year-old woman. A comprehensive diagnostic approach including cone beam computed tomographic examination of the jaws, blood biochemistry, scintigraphy (technetium 99 m sestamibi), and biopsy facilitated the identification of underlying parathyroid carcinoma. Notably, the patient experienced spontaneous healing of the extensive brown tumors following endocrine treatment, underscoring the potential for recovery in such cases. CONCLUSION: This case highlights the essential collaboration between dental and medical professionals in diagnosing complex systemic diseases with oral manifestations, underscoring the dentist's critical role in early detection and improved patient outcomes.