Abstract
A Bacillus subtilis strain was constructed that contained the repA gene of the lactococcal plasmid pWVO1 in its chromosome. This strain was used to construct the pWVO1-based integration vector pINT1, which lacked the repA gene. The 3.6-kb plasmid pINT1 was not able to replicate in Lactococcus lactis MG1363 but integrated into the chromosome via a Campbell-like mechanism when a lactococcal chromosomal DNA fragment was incorporated in the plasmid. Transformants were obtained that carried between one and four plasmid copies, in stable tandem arrangement on the chromosome. The results indicate that pWVO1 can be used for the development of a Campbell-like integration system fully derived of lactococcal DNA, with which stable multiple copies of any gene of interest can be generated in the lactococcal chromosome.