Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To compare water-assisted colonoscopy (WAC) using the water immersion technique with conventional carbon dioxide insufflation colonoscopy (CC) in novice endoscopists, focusing on procedure time, safety and learning curves. METHODS: We conducted a prospective, randomised (1:1), single-centre trial at Chiang Mai University Hospital, Thailand. Six gastroenterology fellows with <150 prior colonoscopies received standardised training before performing elective screening colonoscopies using either WAC or CC techniques. Patients were randomly assigned to WAC or CC groups. The primary outcome was caecal intubation time (CIT). Secondary outcomes included technical failure, procedural difficulty, patient discomfort, complications, withdrawal time and adenoma detection rate (ADR). RESULTS: Of 250 randomised patients, 230 completed the protocol (WAC, n=113; CC, n=117). Mean CIT was comparable between groups (10.6±4.2 min vs 9.8±3.9 min; p=0.35). Technical failure occurred in 6.2% of WAC and 5.1% of CC procedures, with no significant differences in procedural difficulty ratings, analgesic requirements or patient discomfort scores. ADR was similar between arms (40.7% vs 33.3%; p=0.25). Learning curves demonstrated parallel, progressive reductions in CIT among fellows in both groups. CONCLUSION: WAC is a safe and effective alternative to CC for novice endoscopists, with similar procedure times, learning curves and safety profiles. These findings support the inclusion of WAC in gastroenterology training programmes. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: TCTR20230324001.