Abstract
Superficial spreading cervical squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) constitutes a relatively uncommon subtype of cervical cancer, distinguished by the replacement of the endometrium and, in some instances, the epithelial lining of the fallopian tubes with cervical SCC cells that are contiguous with the primary cervical lesion. The present study describes a case involving a 76-year-old patient who primarily exhibited symptoms of abdominal pain and pyometra. During a routine cervical ThinPrep cytologic test, which was conducted while the patient was undergoing anti-infective treatment, high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion of the cervix was detected. Following the surgical procedure of total hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, pathological examination indicated a diagnosis of superficial spreading SCC of the cervix, with extensive involvement of the endometrial lining and the mucosal layer of the interstitial portions of both fallopian tubes. This rare case is a reminder that in elderly patients with pyometra where cervical biopsy only indicates cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, merely administering anti-infective treatment or performing cervical conization may lead to a missed diagnosis of superficial spreading cervical SCC. Currently, there are no standardized diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for superficial spreading cervical SCC. In the present case, radiotherapy was administrated to the patient to delay recurrence. Large-sample studies are crucial for improving the understanding of this tumor and facilitating advancements in precision medicine treatments.