Abstract
A nocardial abscess is a relatively rare opportunistic infection that typically occurs after immunosuppressive treatment and is a clinical challenge. In the present study, the case of a 69-year-old patient with anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis, and lung and kidney involvement, was reported. The patient received systemic glucocorticoid and cyclophosphamide treatment for 6 months, after which a large encapsulated abscess appeared on magnetic resonance imaging and CT in the subcutaneous tissue of the left hip and lung, respectively, and the pus culture showed Nocardia. Orthopedic abscess incision and ultrasound-guided thoracic puncture drainage were performed, and the lesion was completely absorbed after 1 month of treatment with linezolid and compound sulfamethoxazole. Tests for ANCA were negative, and renal function and urine tests were completely normal after 1 year of follow-up. Furthermore, a literature review performed for the present study retrieved a few reports of successful treatment of multiple nocardial abscesses secondary to ANCA-associated vasculitis in elderly patients in a short period of time. Therefore, the present case report and literature review have been reported to improve awareness of this rare disease, so as to facilitate its early diagnosis and treatment.