Abstract
Leiomyomas are common benign tumours that can arise in any anatomical structure containing smooth muscle. Their localization in the uterine round ligament is rare, although leiomyomas are the most frequent tumour of this structure. Leiomyomas present as inguinal, labial or intra-abdominal masses, and are often misdiagnosed as hernias or enlarged lymph nodes. The aim of the present study was to describe a rare case of a large intra-abdominal mesenchymal neoplasm arising from the right round ligament of the uterus. A 51-year-old asymptomatic female patient (gravida 3, para 3) presented herself for a routine gynaecological examination. A transvaginal ultrasound examination revealed a solid heterogeneous mass with a maximum diameter of 9 cm localized at the right parametrial space. Further preoperative evaluation using magnetic resonance imaging revealed that the mass contained solid and cystic components, which was suggestive of a mesenchymal neoplasm with possible involvement of the right ovary. Complete excision of the tumour and total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy was performed via laparotomy under general anaesthesia. The intraoperative findings, frozen section biopsies and final histological examination of the tumour established the diagnosis of an intra-abdominal myoma of the right uterine round ligament. The majority of abdominal round ligament myomas are initially asymptomatic. The role of synchronous imaging examinations, such as ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging, in the diagnosis of these lesions is crucial.