Abstract
Treatment of kidney cancer has changed over the past 10 years with the approval of several targeted agents. These drugs are given on a long term base and toxicity is an issue for most patients. Despite improvement compared to immunotherapy, most patients will progress on these drugs. There is a need for more portent and better tolerated drugs. Tivozanib is a potent pan VEGR specific inhibitor. In this phase II trial it gave interesting results with an overall median PFS throughout the study of 11.7 months (95% CI: 8.3-14.3 months) and an overall objective response rate of 24% (95% CI: 19-30%). "Off"-target toxicity was mild.