Background
This study investigated the molecular mediators of prolonged hematopoietic progenitor cell mobilization a trauma and chronic stress and the role of propranolol in modifying this response.
Conclusions
The increased expression of HMGB1 and G-CSF and decreased expression of BM anchoring molecules, SDF-1 and VCAM-1, after LCHS/CS, likely mediates prolonged hematopoietic progenitor cell mobilization. Propranolol's ability to reduce HMGB1, G-CSF, and neutrophil elastase expression suggests that the mobilization of hematopoietic progenitor cells was driven by persistent hypercatecholaminemia.
Methods
Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized to lung contusion (LC), LC plus hemorrhagic shock (LCHS), or LCHS with daily restraint stress (LCHS/CS). Propranolol was administered daily. Bone marrow (BM) and lung expression of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), neutrophil elastase, stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1)/CXR4, and vascular cell adhesion protein 1 (VCAM-1)/very late antigen-4 were measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction.
Results
Bone marrow HMGB1, G-CSF, and neutrophil elastase expression were significantly elevated two- to four-fold after LCHS/CS, and all were decreased with the use of propranolol. SDF-1 and VCAM-1 were both significantly decreased after LCHS/CS. Conclusions: The increased expression of HMGB1 and G-CSF and decreased expression of BM anchoring molecules, SDF-1 and VCAM-1, after LCHS/CS, likely mediates prolonged hematopoietic progenitor cell mobilization. Propranolol's ability to reduce HMGB1, G-CSF, and neutrophil elastase expression suggests that the mobilization of hematopoietic progenitor cells was driven by persistent hypercatecholaminemia.