Abstract
BACKGROUND: The incidence and mortality rate of men with prostate cancer have been increasing in Asia. ELIGARD(®) is a formulation of leuprorelin acetate whose safety and efficacy have been well-established in Western regions. However, limited safety data are available for Asian populations. METHODS: ELIGANT (ELIGard AsiaN sTudy) was a Phase 4, multicenter, prospective, single-arm, interventional study. Men with locally advanced or metastatic prostate cancer without concomitant chemotherapy, or another androgen receptor pathway inhibitor, were enrolled across Asia to receive ELIGARD(®) (22.5 mg subcutaneous depot injection) every 3 months for 15 months, with a follow-up visit at 18 months. The primary objective was to establish the safety of ELIGARD(®) in Asian men with hormone-dependent prostate cancer. The secondary objectives were to assess efficacy, via prostate-specific antigen (PSA) progression and testosterone levels, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). RESULTS: In total, 106 patients were included in the safety analysis set (SAF). The most common treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) included PSA increase, cough, back pain, hot flush, anemia, and upper respiratory tract infection. TEAEs considered related to ELIGARD(®) were reported in 13.2% of patients (n=14), two of which were serious. In the full analysis set (FAS) (n=105), 81.2% (n=56) and 68.5% (n=61) of patients achieved a PSA reduction of ≥90% from baseline at 12 and 18 months, respectively. At 18 months, the numbers of patients with testosterone levels <20, 20-50, and >50 ng/dL were 65 (61.9%), 17 (16.2%), and two (1.9%), respectively; 20% had missing testosterone measurements. HRQoL remained stable throughout the study with minimal change from baseline at study completion. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, the safety profile of ELIGARD(®) (22.5 mg) in Asian men with hormone-dependent prostate cancer is comparable to previous studies in Western regions. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinical trial registration number NCT03035032.