Abstract
Round cells in seminal fluid are defined as either leucocytes or immature germ cells. Laboratories undertaking semen analysis often report these combined as a concentration, with no further review, comment or direction for clinician action or review. Although numerous publications discuss the possible clinical relevance of these cells (particularly leucocytes) in infertility, the methods employed to differentiate them are often beyond the scope of most diagnostic laboratories. This paper aims to support healthcare scientists in understanding the clinical significance of round cells and aid their identification, differentiation and interpretation. This will support the quality of care the patient receives and direct clinicians to further considerations that may be appropriate for their patient and should consequently reduce indiscriminate and unnecessary use of antibiotics.