Abstract
BACKGROUND: Family support is important in assisting with diabetes self-management for individuals with cognitive impairment, but what types of family support are most effective remain unknown. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to examine the association between the types of family support in diabetes self-management with glycemic control in middle-aged and older adults with cognitive impairment. METHODS: A total of 267 individuals were included with diabetes and cognitive impairment (27-point Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status score <12), using the data of 2003 Health and Retirement Study (HRS) Diabetes Study and 2004 wave of the HRS. RESULTS: Most respondents were White (68.9%), followed by Black (25.8%). The mean age was 73.4±8.4 years. Adults with strong family support (as indicated by a "strongly agree" response) in testing sugar and in handling feelings about diabetes had significantly lower A1C compared with those with less family support (mean ± standard deviation: 7.08±1.39 vs. 7.51±1.42, P=.03; 6.79±0.87 vs. 7.57±1.53; P=.007 respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that family members of individuals with cognitive impairment provide critical support to patients with diabetes and cognitive impairment, and may need additional intervention to assist with diabetes self-management tasks that require unique knowledge and skills.