Abstract
This cross-sectional study aims to examine the associations between engagement in cognitive, social, and religious activity and cognitive function (i.e., global cognition, cognitive performance, episodic memory, working memory, and executive function) and to explore the moderation effect of acculturation on the associations. Data were drawn from the Population-Based Study of Chinese Elderly (PINE) Wave I. Multivariate regression analyses showed that participation in more cognitive and social activities were associated with better cognitive function indicated by all five measures. Also, more frequent attendance in religious services is related to better working memory only. Compared with those more acculturated peers, the less acculturated community-dwelling Chinese older adults benefited more from high levels of activity engagement, especially in global cognition, cognitive performance, and episodic memory. Findings illustrate the importance of increasing older adults' exposure to cognitively stimulating and socially integrated activities or environments, which may help to preserve the cognitive function of older adults.