Abstract
AIMS: Polymorphisms in the 5' regulatory region of the thymidylate synthase gene (TYMS) have been shown to modulate thymidylate synthase expression and are associated with resistance to fluoropyrimidine-based therapies. These polymorphisms include a two repeat (2R) or three repeat (3R) of a 28-bp sequence and a G>C SNP in the second repeat of the 3R allele (TSER*3 G>C). Genotyping methods for the TYMS 5'-UTR polymorphisms have typically involved visualizing PCR and RFLP products on agarose gels. This article describes the use of a robust capillary electrophoresis assay for TYMS 5'-UTR genotyping. MATERIALS & METHODS: As part of pharmacogenetic studies, we performed TYMS genotyping for the 5'-UTR polymorphisms in 314 colorectal cancer patients. A gel-based capillary electrophoresis method, employing a high-resolution gel cartridge on a QIAxcel(®) system, was developed to detect PCR products and RFLP fragment sizes. RESULTS: The high resolution of the capillary electrophoresis technique allowed identification of a 6-bp insertion in the second repeat of the 3R allele in three patients. The frequency of the insertion allele was 0.4% in Caucasians and 1.3% in African-Americans. We also found 3.3% of Caucasian patients were heterozygous for a G>C SNP in the first repeat of the 2R allele, but this allele was not observed in the African-American patients. CONCLUSION: We describe a robust RFLP genotyping technique that employs size discrimination by capillary electrophoresis to genotype the TYMS TSER*3 G>C SNP. The technique also allows identification of a 6-bp insertion in the 3R allele, and we report the allelic frequencies for two uncommon TSER alleles.