Correlation of bioenergetic parameters with cell death in Listeria monocytogenes cells exposed to nisin

In Listeria monocytogenes, nisin induced ATP efflux, reduced the intracellular ATP concentration within 1 min, and dissipated the proton motive force within 2 min. Efflux accounted for only 20% of the ATP depletion, suggesting that ATP hydrolysis also occurred. ATP efflux depended on nisin concentration and followed saturation kinetics. These results suggest that nisin breaches the membrane permeability barrier in a manner more consistent with pore formation than with a nonspecific detergent-like membrane destabilization.