Abstract
Novel energy devices which are capable of alleviating and/or solving the energy dilemma such as overall water splitting and fuel cells require the development of highly efficient catalysts, especially cheap high performance non-precious metal (NPM) catalysts. Here, we prepare highly efficient NPM catalysts of cobalt and nitrogen codoped carbon nanosheets (Co/N-CNSs) for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) using harmful environment-polluting waste of biomass catkins as carbon precursors via a mild mechanical exfoliation and chemical process which is facile, low-cost, environmentally friendly and up-scalable. Compared with a commercial platinum-based catalyst (commercial 20% Pt/C), the Co/N-CNS electrocatalysts show outstanding ORR activity, acceptable HER activity and long term stability with an onset potential of 0.92 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode (vs. RHE) and a half-wave potential of 0.83 V vs. the RHE in alkaline electrolytes. The excellent performance is closely related to the presence of abundant CoN (x) active sites. This work offers a novel and effective approach for preparing highly efficient ORR and HER NPM electrocatalysts from waste biomass materials.