Abstract
Molybdenum oxide-modified ruthenium on titanium oxide (Ru-(y)MoO (x) /TiO(2); y is the loading amount of Mo) catalysts show high activity for the hydroconversion of carboxylic acids to the corresponding alcohols (fatty alcohols) and aliphatic alkanes (biofuels) in 2-propanol/water (4.0/1.0 v/v) solvent in a batch reactor under mild reaction conditions. Among the Ru-(y)MoO (x) /TiO(2) catalysts tested, the Ru-(0.026)MoO (x) /TiO(2) (Mo loading amount of 0.026 mmol g(-1)) catalyst shows the highest yield of aliphatic n-alkanes from hydroconversion of coconut oil derived lauric acid and various aliphatic fatty acid C6-C18 precursors at 170-230 °C, 30-40 bar for 7-20 h. Over Ru-(0.026)MoO (x) /TiO(2), as the best catalyst, the hydroconversion of lauric acid at lower reaction temperatures (130 ≥ T ≤ 150 °C) produced dodecane-1-ol and dodecyl dodecanoate as the result of further esterification of lauric acid and the corresponding alcohols. An increase in reaction temperature up to 230 °C significantly enhanced the degree of hydrodeoxygenation of lauric acid and produced n-dodecane with maximum yield (up to 80%) at 230 °C, H(2) 40 bar for 7 h. Notably, the reusability of the Ru-(0.026)MoO (x) /TiO(2) catalyst is slightly limited by the aggregation of Ru nanoparticles and the collapse of the catalyst structure.