Abstract
Succinate-limited continuous cultures of an Azorhizobium caulinodans strain were grown on ammonia or nitrogen gas as a nitrogen source. Ammonia-grown cells became oxygen limited at 1.7 muM dissolved oxygen, whereas nitrogen-fixing cells remained succinate limited even at dissolved oxygen concentrations as low as 0.9 muM. Nitrogen-fixing cells tolerated dissolved oxygen concentrations as high as 41 muM. Succinate-dependent oxygen uptake rates of cells from the different steady states ranged from 178 to 236 nmol min mg of protein and were not affected by varying chemostat-dissolved oxygen concentration or nitrogen source. When equimolar concentrations of succinate and beta-hydroxybutyrate were combined, oxygen uptake rates were greater than when either substrate was used alone. Azide could also used alone as a respiratory substrate regardless of nitrogen source; however, when azide was added following succinate additions, oxygen uptake was inhibited in ammonia-grown cells and stimulated in nitrogen-fixing cells. Use of 25 mM succinate in the chemostat resevoir at a dilution rate of 0.1 h resulted in high levels of background respiration and nitrogenase activity, indicating that the cells were not energy limited. Lowering the reservoir succinate to 5 mM imposed energy limitation. Maximum succinate-dependent nitrogenase activity was 1,741 nmol of C(2)H(4)h mg (dry weight), and maximum hydrogen-dependent nitrogenase activity was 949 nmol of C(2)H(4) h mg (dry weight). However, when concentration of 5% (vol/vol) hydrogen or greater were combined with succinate, nitrogenase activity decreased by 35% in comparison to when succinate was used alone. Substitution of argon for nitrogen in the chemostat inflow gas resulted in "washout," proving that ORS571 can grow on N(2) and that there was not a nitrogen source in the medium that could substitute.