Conclusions
Our results indicated that HMGB1/TLR4-mediated necroptosis enhances AAA development in the Ang II-induced AAA model in APOE-/- mice and that TLR4 might be a potential therapeutic target for AAA management.
Methods
In this study, the role of HMGB1/TLR4-induced necroptosis in abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) formation was investigated. First, the levels of sterile inflammatory mediators (HMGB1, TLR4) and necroptosis markers were measured in the abdominal aortas of young and old C57BL/6JNifdc mice. We observed that sterile inflammatory mediators and necroptosis markers were greatly increased in the abdominal aortas of old mice. Then, angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced AAA model in APOE-/- mice was used in this study. Mice AAA models were treated with the RIP1 inhibitor necrostatin-1 (Nec-1) or the TLR4 inhibitor TAK-242, respectively.
Results
We found that HMGB1, TLR4, and necroptosis markers were elevated in old mice compared with those in young mice. Same elevation was also found in the development of AAA in APOE-/- mice. In addition, the necroptosis inhibitor Nec-1 alleviated Ang II-induced AAA development while downregulating the expression of HMGB1/TLR4. After blocking TLR4 with TAK-242, the expression of necroptosis markers decreased significantly, and the progression of AAA was also alleviated in APOE-/- mice. Conclusions: Our results indicated that HMGB1/TLR4-mediated necroptosis enhances AAA development in the Ang II-induced AAA model in APOE-/- mice and that TLR4 might be a potential therapeutic target for AAA management.