Abstract
Background Neurological disorders have become a global disease burden and a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Objective The objective of the study was to identify the most common neurological diseases at Referral Neuroscience Hospital in Bangladesh. Methodology It is a retrospective study. It was conducted at the Referral Neuroscience Hospital in Bangladesh with the assistance of the neurology department. The study was carried out from January to June 2024. Data from the past five years were documented in this study. All the required data were obtained from the National Neuroscience Hospital's yearbook covering 2018 to 2022. Information on the number of cases, their gender, type of disease, and the age of the patients was gathered and analyzed in Microsoft Excel (Redmond, USA). Results According to our investigation, stroke is seen to be the most common neurological disease among the top 10. It accounted for 26,971 patients. Intracerebral brain hemorrhage (ICH) had the highest number of patients (14169 cases), while acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) had 8997 and 3805 patients, respectively. The number of patients for the other diseases was lower than two thousand. The third disease with the highest number of patients after stroke is Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), with 1625 cases. Meningoencephalitis has 1484 cases. The remaining diseases have less than a thousand cases. Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) has 671 patients, and idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) has almost half of that number (377 cases). Metabolic encephalitis and central nervous system tuberculosis (CNS TB) have nearly the same number of patients, with 592 and 575 cases, respectively. Peripheral neuropathy has the fewest patients at 295. Moreover, the number of male patients outnumbered female patients, with over 50.0% of patients being male for most diseases. During the years from 2018 to 2022, it is clear that the number of patients increased exponentially (2018: 4810 cases, 2019: 5428 cases, 2020: 6684 cases, and 2021: 8319 cases). However, in 2022, the number of patients was lower than the previous year (7201 cases) but still greater than in the rest of the years. The majority of patients were aged between 41 and 60. Conclusion In conclusion, stroke is seen to be the leading ailment, comprising almost 82% of the cases, whereas all the other seven diseases only held 18% of the cases. Regarding the male-female ratio of the cases, male patients were higher in number than female patients. The ages of the patients who were most admitted to the hospital were between 41 and 60. Moreover, the pre-COVID period (2018 and 2019) had a lower number of cases than the COVID period (2020 and 2021).