Abstract
There have been rapid advances since Organs-on-Chips were first developed. Organ-Chips are now available beyond academic laboratories with the initial emphasis to reduce animal experimentation and improve predictability of drug development through better prediction of safety and efficacy. There is now a huge opportunity to use chips to understand efficacy and disease variability. We propose that by 2030, Organs-on-Chips will play a key role in clinical pharmacology as part of the diagnostic and treatment workflow for some diseases by informing the right drug and dose regimen for each patient.