Abstract
PURPOSE: The lack of a technique for MR thermometry near metal excludes a growing patient population from promising treatments such as MR-guided focused ultrasound therapy. Here we explore the feasibility of multispectral imaging (MSI) for noninvasive temperature measurement in the presence of strong field inhomogeneities by exploiting the temperature dependency of the T(1) relaxation time. METHODS: A two-dimensional inversion-recovery-prepared MSI pulse sequence (2DMSI) was implemented for artifact-reduced T(1) mapping near metal. A series of T(1) maps was acquired in a metallic implant phantom while increasing the phantom temperature. The measured change in T(1) was analyzed with respect to the phantom temperature. For comparison, proton resonance frequency shift (PRFS) thermometry was performed. RESULTS: 2DMSI achieved artifact-reduced, single-slice T(1) mapping in the presence of strong off-resonance with a spatial resolution of 1.9 mm in-plane and a temporal resolution of 5 min. The maps enabled temperature measurements over a range of 30°C with an uncertainty below 1.4°C. The quality of the resulting temperature maps was independent of the distance from the metal, whereas the PRFS-based temperature measurements were increasingly impaired with increasing off-resonance. CONCLUSION: We demonstrated the ability to noninvasively measure temperature near metal using MSI and the T(1) temperature sensitivity. Magn Reson Med 77:1162-1169, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.