Abstract
Exceptional elite controllers represent an extremely rare group of people with HIV-1 (PWH) who exhibit spontaneous, high-level control of viral replication below the limits of detection in sensitive clinical monitoring assays and without disease progression in the absence of antiretroviral therapy for prolonged periods, frequently exceeding 25 years. Here, we discuss the different cases that have been reported in the scientific literature, their unique genetic, virological, and immunological characteristics, and their relevance as the best model for the functional cure of HIV-1.