Abstract
Autoinflammatory diseases (AID) in childhood is one of refractory diseases, whose pathogenesis is not completely clear. In recent years, a large number of studies have shown that NLRP3 inflammasome plays an important role in the development of AIDs in children. Inflammasome is a cytosolic multiprotein complex that can activate cysteinyl aspartate-specific protease-1 (caspase-1), to further promote the maturation and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18 as well as pyroptosis and regulate innate immune response. IL-1 receptor antagonist (Anakinra) and IL-1β monoclonal antibody (Canakinumab) have good therapeutic effects in children with AIDs. This article reviews the research progress of NLRP3 inflammasome in the pathogenesis of autoinflammatory diseases.