Abstract
Background/Objectives: Low-dose ionizing radiation (LDIR) is commonly used in medical diagnoses and certain professions, but its long-term effects on noncancer diseases, particularly cardiovascular disease (CVD), remain uncertain. While LDIR has recognized diagnostic benefits, its influence on CVD mortality and disease progression is still debated, with some suggesting that low doses may even have beneficial effects, as per the hormesis theory. Methods: This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the impact of LDIR on cardiovascular health outcomes. The study followed a systematic approach, using the PRISMA guidelines to select and analyze relevant studies from databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase. Out of 167 identified studies, 8 were chosen for analysis, including 6 cohort studies and 2 experimental studies. Results: The findings indicated a significant link between LDIR exposure and increased CVD mortality and progression, though some studies also noted potential benefits of LDIR in certain conditions, aligning with the hormesis theory. Conclusions: These mixed results raise questions about the specific conditions under which LDIR might be beneficial or harmful. Overall, the study emphasizes the need for strict radiation control measures and health monitoring for individuals regularly exposed to LDIR, both in clinical and occupational settings.