Abstract
Catenanes, molecules in which two rings are threaded through one another like links in a chain, can form as two structures related like an object and its mirror image but otherwise identical if the individual rings lack bilateral symmetry. These structures are described as "topologically chiral" because, unlike most chiral molecules, it is not possible to convert one mirror-image form to the other under the rules of mathematical topology. Although intriguing and discussed as early as 1961, to date all methods of accessing molecules containing only this topological stereogenic element require the separation of the mirror-image forms via chiral stationary phase high-performance liquid chromatography, which has limited their investigation to date. Here, we present a simple method that uses a readily available source of chiral information to allow the stereoselective synthesis of topologically chiral catenanes.