Physical Chemistry Models for Chemical Research in the XXth and XXIst Centuries

Thermodynamic hypotheses and models are the touchstone for chemical results, but the actual models based on time-invariance, which have performed efficiently in the development of chemistry, are nowadays invalid for the interpretation of the behavior of complex systems exhibiting nonlinear kinetics and with matter and energy exchange flows with the surroundings. Such fields of research will necessarily foment and drive the use of thermodynamic models based on the description of irreversibility at the macroscopic level, instead of the current models which are strongly anchored in microreversibility.