Abstract
BACKGROUND: In patients with acute nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding (NVUGIB), early (≤ 24 h) endoscopy is recommended following hemodynamic resuscitation. Nevertheless, scarce data exist on the optimal timing of endoscopy in patients with NVUGIB receiving anticoagulants. OBJECTIVE: To analyze how the timing of endoscopy may influence outcomes in anticoagulants users admitted with NVUGIB. METHODS: Retrospective cohort study which consecutively included all adult patients using anticoagulants presenting with NVUGIB between January 2011 and June 2020. Time from presentation to endoscopy was assessed and defined as early (≤ 24 h) and delayed (> 24 h). The outcomes considered were endoscopic or surgical treatment, length of hospital stay, intermediate/intensive care unit admission, recurrent bleeding, and 30-day mortality. RESULTS: From 636 patients presenting with NVUGIB, 138 (21.7%) were taking anticoagulants. Vitamin K antagonists were the most frequent anticoagulants used (63.8%, n = 88). After adjusting for confounders, patients who underwent early endoscopy (59.4%, n = 82) received endoscopic therapy more frequently (OR 2.4; 95% CI 1.1-5.4; P = 0.034), had shorter length of hospital stay [7 (IQR 6) vs 9 (IQR 7) days, P = 0.042] and higher rate of intermediate/intensive care unit admission (OR 2.7; 95% CI 1.3 - 5.9; P = 0.010) than patients having delayed endoscopy. Surgical treatment, recurrent bleeding, and 30-day mortality did not differ significantly between groups. CONCLUSION: Early endoscopy (≤ 24 h) in anticoagulant users admitted with acute nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding is associated with higher rate of endoscopic treatment, shorter hospital stay, and higher intermediate/intensive care unit admission. The timing of endoscopy did not influence the need for surgical intervention, recurrent bleeding, and 30-day mortality.