Abstract
Cotton (Gossypium spp.) is one of the most important cash crops worldwide. At present, new cotton varieties are mainly produced through conventional cross breeding, which is limited by available germplasm. Although the genome of cotton has been fully sequenced, research on the function of specific genes lags behind due to the lack of sufficient genetic material. Therefore, it is very important to create a cotton mutant library to create new, higher-quality varieties and identify genes associated with the regulation of key traits. Traditional mutagenic strategies, such as physical, chemical, and site-directed mutagenesis, are relatively costly, inefficient, and difficult to perform. In this study, we used a radiation mutation method based on linear electron acceleration to mutate cotton variety 'TM-1', for which a whole-genome sequence has previously been performed, to create a high throughput cotton mutant library. Abundant phenotypic variation was observed in the progeny population for three consecutive generations, including cotton fiber color variation, plant dwarfing, significant improvement of yield traits, and increased sensitivity to Verticillium wilt. These results show that radiation mutagenesis is an effective and feasible method to create plant mutant libraries.