Abstract
The 2,6-diamino-4-hydroxy-5N-formamidopyrimidine (Fapy)-DNA glycosylase of Escherichia coli, which is coded for by the fpg gene, excises purine bases with ring-opened imidazoles. In addition to the DNA glycosylase activity, we report that the Fapy-DNA glycosylase of E. coli has an associated activity, resistant to EDTA, that nicks DNA at apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) sites. The levels of Fapy-DNA glycosylase and AP-nicking activity were parallel in crude lysates of E. coli HB101 harboring different plasmids constructed from the fpg gene. The fpg gene is different from the xth, nth, and nfo genes of E. coli, whose gene products also cleave DNA at AP sites. The Fapy-DNA glycosylase was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity. During this purification, the Fapy-DNA glycosylase copurified with an AP-nicking activity using chromatographic separations based on ion-exchange, molecular weight exclusion, and hydrophobicity. The cleavage at AP sites by the Fapy-DNA glycosylase left a 5'-phosphomonoester nucleotide at one terminus. In addition, DNA containing reduced AP sites was not nicked by the Fapy-DNA glycosylase. These data suggest that the mechanism of cleavage involved beta elimination. Therefore, this activity of the Fapy-DNA glycosylase nicking DNA at AP sites should be referred to as an AP lyase. The 3' terminus did not prime nick-translation by E. coli DNA polymerase I. However, the 3' terminus becomes a substrate for nick-translation if first allowed to react with calf intestine phosphatase or the E. coli exonuclease III. These data suggest that the repair of the Fapy lesion at least to some extent results in the formation of both 5'- and 3'-phosphomonoester nucleotides and the release of the deoxyribose.