Abstract
BACKGROUND: Functional training is essential for maintaining the independence of older adults, especially in rural areas with limited resources. In this study, we assess the short-term and long-term impacts of the Precision Functional Training (PFT) program on mobility outcomes, specifically walking performance, and cognitive ability in community-dwelling older adults. The unique feature of this training program was its countywide, community-based, and tailored approach, designed to strengthen the functional abilities of older adults living in rural areas. METHODS: 158 older adults aged 65 years and above were assessed in this one-group pre-posttest study conducted in 11 community care stations in Chiayi County, Taiwan. Participants had two follow-ups, with data collection on mobility and cognition. The 12-week PFT program, led by certified trainers, integrated aerobic, strength, and cognitive elements. Primary outcomes, including changes in gait, falls, and cognition, were analyzed using linear mixed effects and logit models. RESULTS: Strengthening mobility is critical to slowing functional decline in older adults. The PFT program led to significant improvements in cognitive function and several gait parameters compared with the baseline. Participants with limited mobility showed enhanced activities of daily living 1-month post-training, but these gains did not persist at the 1-year mark. No significant differences were observed in fall occurrence and knee extension strength. CONCLUSIONS: The training did not have a long-term effect; thus, more frequent practice may be necessary. Risk assessment and community-based interventions, particularly for older adults with a higher risk of falls, are recommended. Future prospective randomized controlled trials are needed to evaluate the PFT program's effectiveness in preserving mobility.